Looking Back and Forth: Cross-Image Attention Calibration and Attentive Preference Learning for Multi-Image Hallucination Mitigation

Although large vision-language models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, they are prone to hallucinations in multiimage tasks. We attribute this issue to limitations in existing attention mechanisms and insufficient cross-image modeling. Inspired by this, we propose a structured hallucination mitigation framework involving Cross-Image Attention calibration and Preference Learning (CAPL). CAPL explicitly enhances inter-image interactions at the architectural level while reinforcing reliance on genuine cross-image evidence during training, thereby improving the model’s perception and modeling of cross-image associations. Specifically, we (i) introduce a selectable image token interaction attention mechanism to establish fine-grained crossimage entity alignment and information flow; (ii) design a cross-image modeling–based preference optimization strategy that contrasts reasoning outcomes under full inter-image interaction and those obtained when images are mutually invisible, encouraging the model to ground its predictions in authentic visual evidence and mitigating erroneous inferences driven by textual priors. Experimental results demonstrate that CAPL consistently improves performance across multiple model architectures, achieving stable gains on both multi-image hallucination and general benchmarks. Notably, performance on single-image visual tasks remains stable or slightly improves, indicating strong generalization capability. The code is available at https://github.com/yyyxcleo/CAPL.