Video Question Answering with Procedural Programs

We propose to answer questions about videos by generating short procedural programs that solve visual subtasks to obtain a final answer. We present Procedural Video Querying (ProViQ) which uses a large language model to generate such programs from an input question and an API of visual modules in the prompt, then executes them to obtain the output. Recent similar procedural approaches have proven successful for image question answering, but cannot effectively or efficiently answer questions about videos due to their image-centric modules and lack of temporal reasoning ability. We address this by providing ProViQ with novel modules intended for video understanding, allowing it to generalize to a wide variety of videos with no additional training. As a result, ProViQ can efficiently find relevant moments in long videos, do causal and temporal reasoning, and summarize videos over long time horizons in order to answer complex questions. This code generation framework additionally enables ProViQ to perform other video tasks beyond question answering, such as multi-object tracking or basic video editing. ProViQ achieves state-of-the-art results on a diverse range of benchmarks, with improvements of up to 25% on short, long, open-ended, multiple-choice and multimodal video question-answering datasets. We include video demos and code in the supplement.